Advanced · Module 32

Module 32

Conditionals 3
+ wishes

O arrependimento em gramática: a terceira condicional (um passado que não foi) e o universo de I wish / if only.

Tópicosthird conditional · I wish / if I were you · review 0–3
Duração estimada36–42 min
02 / 11 · Agenda

O que você vai aprender

Falar do que poderia ter sido.

3 Third conditional — if + past perfect, would have + p.p. (+ revisão 0/1/2/3) part 1
★ Wishes — I wish · if only · if I were you part 2

A terceira condicional e os desejos compartilham a mesma emoção: olhar para algo que não é (ou não foi) verdade e imaginar o contrário.

part 1 of 2

01

Third
conditional

Uma hipótese sobre o passado que não pode mais mudar. Quase sempre carrega arrependimento ou crítica: "se eu tivesse…, eu teria…".

04 / 11 · Third conditional

Passado irreal

Third — o passado que não foi.

3third
if + past perfect,would have + p.p.
Situação irreal no passado. Arrependimento, crítica, "e se…".
If I had studied, I would have passed.
If you had told me, I would have helped.

Os dois lados olham para trás: a condição usa past perfect (had + p.p.) e o resultado usa would have + p.p. Em vez de would, dá pra usar could have / might have.

05 / 11 · The four conditionals

As quatro, lado a lado

Revisão 0 · 1 · 2 · 3.

tipo
estrutura
exemplo
Zerosempre verdade
if + present, present
If you heat ice, it melts.
Firstfuturo real
if + present, will + base
If it rains, I 'll stay.
Secondpresente irreal
if + past, would + base
If I had time, I would go.
Thirdpassado irreal
if + past perfect, would have + p.p.
If I had had time, I would have gone.

Veja a progressão do irreal: Second recua um passo (had); Third recua dois (had had / would have). Cada "have" extra empurra a hipótese mais para o passado.

06 / 11 · Watch out + practice

Cuidado & pratique

Erros comuns + mini exercício.

×Would have no if-clause
×If I would have known, I'd have come.
✓If I had known, I'd have come.
×Tempo errado no resultado
×If she had asked, I would help.
✓…I would have helped.

Practice — third conditional

1 If we earlier, we'd have caught the train. (leave)
2 If he had trained, he the race. (win)
3 She wouldn't have been late if she a taxi. (take)
part 2 of 2

02

Wishes &
regrets

Querer que a realidade fosse diferente: I wish e if only. A forma do verbo diz se é sobre o presente ou o passado.

08 / 11 · Wish + past / past perfect

A forma do verbo marca o tempo

Desejo do presente vs do passado.

wish + past simple · presente irreal
I wish I had a car.
(mas não tenho — agora)
wish + past perfect · arrependimento do passado
I wish I had studied more.
(mas não estudei — antes)
! Depois de wish, "was" vira were no inglês cuidado: "I wish I were taller." If only funciona igual, só que mais enfático.
09 / 11 · Wish + would · advice

Reclamar e aconselhar

Wish + would e if I were you.

would

Wish + would — reclamação

Para algo irritante que você quer que mude — comportamento de outra pessoa.

I wish you would stop interrupting.
I wish it would stop raining.
were

If I were you — conselho

Forma clássica de dar conselho (segunda condicional). Sempre were.

If I were you, I'd apologize.
If I were in your shoes, I'd wait.

Note: não se usa wish + would para si mesmo ("I wish I would…" soa estranho) — para você, use wish + could: "I wish I could fly."

10 / 11 · Watch out + practice

Cuidado & pratique

Erros comuns + mini exercício.

×Wish + present
×I wish I have more time.
✓I wish I had more time.
×Wish sobre o passado sem perfect
×I wish I studied more for that exam.
✓I wish I had studied more.

Practice — complete o desejo

1 I wish I speak Japanese. (presente — habilidade)
2 If only we bought the tickets earlier! (passado)
3 I wish my neighbor play loud music at night. (reclamação)
11 / 11 · Module recap

Para guardar

Conditionals 3 + Wishes — resumo.

3

Third conditional

if + past perfect, would have + p.p. Passado irreal, arrependimento.

If I'd known, I'd have come.
0–3

As quatro condicionais

Cada "have" extra empurra a hipótese mais para o passado.

would → would have
wish

Wish + past

Presente irreal: I wish I had a car (mas não tenho).

I wish I had a car.
had

Wish + past perfect

Arrependimento do passado: I wish I had studied.

wish I'd studied
were

Would & if I were you

wish + would (reclamação) · if I were you (conselho).

If I were you…
next

Próximo módulo

Advanced opinions + relative where/when/whom — o fecho do curso.

module 33 →